The countries of the South World, including those in Latin America, Africa and Asia, are home to much richer biodiversity than the nations of the North World. However, this biodiversity is poorly represented in genomic databases that are critical to conservation efforts. A study recently published in Molecular Evolution reveals that species from the northern hemisphere, particularly North America and Europe, are disproportionately represented in these databases. In contrast, many species from the tropical regions of the South World remain underrepresented.
The researchers, led by Dr. Ethan Linck of Montana State University and Dr. Daniel Cadena of the University of Los Andes, analyzed a genomic database covering 21,583 species of terrestrial mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. Their analysis showed that 38 percent of species in the northern hemisphere had reference genomes compared to only 24 percent in the southern hemisphere. Despite having the greatest biodiversity, areas of the tropics, especially in the South World, face the largest gaps in genomic representation.
The role of genetic data in conservation
Genetic data plays an important role in conservation decision-making. It helps identify whether animals in a specific area represent different species or populations within a single species, which is essential for designing conservation strategies. However, the lack of genomic data for South World species makes effective conservation more challenging.
Barriers for researchers in the South World
Researchers in the South World face significant barriers to accessing technology and funding for genomic research. Dr. Cadena noted that many institutions lack resources for whole genome sequencing and often rely on collaborations with the Norte World. Dr. Linck noted that this creates an imbalance, making it difficult for researchers in the South to contribute equitably.
The importance of thoughtful collaboration
To address this gap, Dr. Cadena highlighted the importance of building long-term partnerships where local researchers participate throughout the research process, ensuring greater representation and progress in biodiversity conservation.
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